**Lesson Plan: History - Senior Secondary 2**
**Topic:** The Challenges of Democratic Governance: Interim National Government and the Return of the Military (1993-1998)
**Duration:** 80 minutes (1 hour and 20 minutes)
**Objective:**
1. To understand the complexities and challenges of democratic governance in Nigeria between 1993-1998.
2. To examine the role and impact of the Interim National Government (ING).
3. To analyze the return of the military and the subsequent political environment.
**Materials Needed:**
- Textbook/handouts on the topic
- Whiteboard and markers
- Projector and computer for multimedia presentation
- Copies of primary source documents (news articles, speeches, official documents)
- Discussion questions handout
**Lesson Structure:**
**Introduction: (10 minutes)**
- Begin with a brief recap of Nigeria’s political landscape prior to 1993.
- Discuss the significant events leading up to the installation of the Interim National Government (ING).
- State the objectives of today’s lesson.
**Lecture & Discussion: (30 minutes)**
1. **The Rise of the Interim National Government (1993)**
- Explain the annulled June 12, 1993, presidential election and its implications.
- Discuss the establishment of the Interim National Government led by Ernest Shonekan.
- Explore the challenges faced by the ING, including legitimacy issues and economic problems.
2. **Challenges of Democratic Governance**
- Discuss the challenges like political instability, economic crises, and corruption.
- Use real-life examples from the period to illustrate these challenges.
3. **Return of the Military**
- Explain the coup by General Sani Abacha in November 1993.
- Analyze the impact of Abacha's regime on Nigeria’s political and social environment.
- Discuss the human rights abuses, international sanctions, and economic policies.
**Activity: Analyzing Primary Sources (20 minutes)**
- Divide students into small groups and provide each group with different primary source documents from 1993-1998 (e.g., news articles, official statements).
- Have each group analyze their document and answer guided questions:
- What is the main issue discussed in the document?
- Who are the key figures mentioned?
- What does the document reveal about the political climate at the time?
- How does this document reflect the challenges of democratic governance?
**Group Presentations: (10 minutes)**
- Each group will present their analysis to the class.
- Encourage questions and discussion from the rest of the class.
**Conclusion: (10 minutes)**
- Summarize the key points discussed.
- Reflect on how the period of 1993-1998 shaped Nigeria's future political environment.
- Link to the next topic: Nigeria's return to democracy in 1999.
**Homework:**
- Assign a short essay (300-500 words) on the following topic: “Evaluate the impact of the Interim National Government and the subsequent military rule on Nigeria's journey towards democracy.”
**Assessment:**
- Participation in group discussions and presentations.
- Quality and depth of analysis in homework essay.
**Additional Resources:**
1. Selected readings from textbooks.
2. Documentaries on Nigeria’s political history.
3. Articles from reputable sources reflecting the 1993-1998 period.
**Notes for the Teacher:**
- Encourage students to think critically about the advantages and disadvantages of both democratic governance and military rule.
- Highlight the importance of primary sources in understanding historical contexts.
This lesson plan aims to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of a critical period in Nigeria's political history while encouraging active participation and critical thinking.